Since mid October, the domestic sulfuric acid market has entered a period of rapid growth. According to monitoring data from Business Society, since October 20th, the sulfuric acid market has increased by over 50%, and in November it has increased by 28.7%. The average price in the East China market is 98% at 967 yuan/ton, with factory prices in Jiangsu and Zhejiang reaching 1200 yuan/ton, and quotes in Shandong also around 850 yuan/ton. Overall, it is the result of the resonance of multidimensional factors such as cost, supply, and market sentiment, and there is significant differentiation in different process routes and regional markets.
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From the supply side, the maintenance of domestic sulfuric acid plants in November involved an annual processing capacity of about 21.38 million tons, with intensive maintenance in core production areas in Central and East China. Major acid companies in Shandong, Liaoning, and other regions also stopped for maintenance, resulting in a significant contraction in regional supply.
From a cost perspective, the sharp rise in sulfur prices has become the core driving force, with cost inversion forcing price increases. Sulfur is the core raw material for sulfuric acid production (about 0.33 tons of sulfur are consumed to produce 1 ton of sulfuric acid). In November, domestic sulfur prices saw a significant increase, with the price of imported bulk pellets along the Yangtze River rising by more than 10% within the month, and an increase of up to 120% compared to the beginning of the year. The global sulfur supply pattern has undergone drastic changes, the Russia-Ukraine conflict has imposed an export ban, Kazakhstan’s export volume has declined, and the international supply gap has expanded; Combined with the strengthening of pricing power in the Middle East and panic buying by countries such as Indonesia/India, domestic port inventory has dropped to 2.2 million tons (below a reasonable level). Under cost transmission, it directly drives up the price of sulfuric acid passively; At the same time, the price of pyrite is synchronously high, further strengthening the cost support of mineral acid.
From the demand side, coastal factories have abundant export orders, and some sulfuric acid resources are flowing into the international market, further squeezing domestic supply. Under the tight balance of supply and demand, acid companies generally have low inventory levels and even adopt a “limited shipment” strategy, providing confidence for price increases. Phosphate fertilizer is the largest downstream of sulfuric acid. Although the operating rate of monoammonium phosphate/diammonium phosphate is only 50% -55%, enterprises maintain essential procurement during the winter storage cycle, and some phosphate fertilizer enterprises use sulfuric acid to replace high priced sulfur, driving the demand for smelting acid.
Regional price differentiation: The factory price of 98% smelting acid in Central China has risen to 940-1000 yuan/ton (a monthly increase of over 13%), while the ex factory price of 98% ore acid in Shandong is 900-940 yuan/ton (a monthly increase of over 12%). However, due to the concentration of smelting acid production capacity in Northwest and Southwest China, the increase is slightly lower than that in core production areas.
In the future, sulfur prices remain at a high level and equipment maintenance is still ongoing. The price of sulfuric acid may remain stable and slightly strong, but downstream resistance is increasing and policies may regulate sulfur prices. The subsequent increase is likely to slow down; In the medium to long term, attention should be paid to the pace of capacity release after the recovery of international sulfur supply and the completion of acid enterprise maintenance.
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